Ralph Cheli
Major, U.S. Army Air Forces
Medal of Honor Recipient
World War II

Major Ralph Cheli (pronounced "Kelly") (29 October 1919 - 6 March 1944) was a U.S. Army Air Forces office who was posthumously awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroic actions during World War II.

Ralph Cheli was born on 29 October 1919 in San Francisco, CA, to Alfred and Julia Cheli. He attended Lehigh University as member of the class of 1941. In February 1940, during his junior year, he left Lehigh to enlist in the USAAF as an aviation cadet. He undertook primary flying training at Tulsa, OK; basic flight training at Randolph Field, TX; and multi-engine advanced training at Kelly Field, TX.

After commissioning as a Second Lieutenant in November, Cheli was assigned as a B-17 Flying Fortress co-pilot in the 21st Reconnaissance Squadron, operating from Miami, FL, under the 3rd Bombardment Wing of General Headquarters Air Force. After attending the Chemical Warfare School at Edgewood Arsenal, MD, he rejoined the 21st RS at MacDill Field, FL, where it had been attached to the 29th Bomb Group. When the U.S. entered World War II, Cheli was promoted to 1st Lieutenant in February 1942 and flew anti-submarine patrols in the Caribbean Sea as a B-17 pilot with the 43rd Bomb Squadron (29th BG).

Cheli advanced to Captain in June 1942 and was transferred to the 38th Bomb Group at Barksdale Field, LA, where he was assigned as Operations Officer of the 405th Bomb Squadron "Green Dragons." In August Cheli led a flight of B-25s from Hamilton Field, CA, to Australia in the first air movement of B-25s to the Southwest Pacific war zone. Two months later, the 38th moved forward to Port Moresby, where Cheli was assigned command of the 405th BS after the death of its previous commander on 5 January 1943. He was promoted to Major in March.

On 3 March 1943, during the Battle of the Bismarck Sea, Cheli led the 405th Bomb Squadron in the first daylight "masthead" (low level) attack against a Japanese shipping convoy, one of the first skip bombing raids. In all he flew 39 combat missions and earned the Distinguished Flying Cross and the Air Medal.

Medal of Honor mission

In August 1943, the Fifth Air Force was supporting the Allies' strategic plan of advance toward the Philippines along the north coast of New Guinea. Its next stage, scheduled for early September, was the seizure of the Japanese base at Lae. The immediate goal of the Fifth Air Force was the neutralization of Japanese airpower concentrated at Wewak, some 300 miles west of Lae. Wewak and its satellite fields at But, Boram, and Dagua was base to more than 100 bombers and about 90 fighters. The 500-mile flight to Wewak was the deepest penetration into Japanese-held territory yet made by medium bombers.

On the night of 16 August, 50 heavy bombers attacked the fields, followed on the morning of the 17th by 32 B-25s, escorted by 80 P-38 Lightnings. Both attacks encountered intense anti-aircraft fire but little fighter opposition. Another attack on the airfields was dispatched on the morning of 18 August to strafe and drop bombs on the fields from low altitude. The 3rd Attack Group was assigned to attack Wewak and Boram fields, while the 38th BG was sent further west to attack Dagua and But airdromes. Each bomber was loaded with twelve 3-bomb clusters of 23-pound "para-frag" bombs, which the 405th BS would drop on Dagua and the 71st BS on But.

Cheli was assigned to lead the 38th BG consisting of 30 B-25 Mitchells, including standbys. Bad weather en route separated the force from its P-38 cover escort, and mechanical problems reduced each squadron by one Mitchell, leaving his 405th and the following 71st Squadrons to attack with 28 B-25s. His assigned aircraft that day was B-25D-1 (s/n 41-30117), a bomber field-modified into a strafer by enclosure of its plexiglass nose to mounting of four forward-firing machine guns, and a pair of fuselage side "blister packs" mounting guns that also fired forward.

While maneuvering 150 feet above the ground to attack the heavily defended airfield, 10-15 Japanese Oscar fighters orbiting in the clouds attacked from above, making numerous passes at the force over a ten-minute span of time. Several concentrated their fire on Cheli's bomber, causing its right engine to burst into flames while still 2 miles from the target. The fire quickly spread to the nose and cockpit.

His speed would have enabled him to gain necessary altitude to parachute to safety, but this action would have resulted in his formation becoming disorganized and exposed to the enemy. Although a crash was inevitable, he elected to continue leading the attack. From a minimum altitude, the squadron made a devastating bombing and strafing attack on the target. Maj. Cheli directed his wingman to lead the formation. His aircraft flew southeast to the vicinity of Boram airfield, where it crash-landed in the sea about 2 kilometers offshore.

Initially, he was believed killed in the crash but post-war evidence indicates that he survived the crash. He was made a prisoner of war and on 6 March 1944, was executed by his captors. During the period when his status was unknown, Cheli was nominated for the Medal of Honor, which he was awarded, posthumously, in October 1943.

Medal of Honor

Rank and organization: Major, U.S. Army Air Corps.

Place and date: Near Wewak, New Guinea, 18 August 1943.

Citation: For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy. While Maj. Cheli was leading his squadron in a dive to attack the heavily defended Dagua Airdrome, intercepting enemy aircraft centered their fire on his plane, causing it to burst into flames while still 2 miles from the objective. His speed would have enabled him to gain necessary altitude to parachute to safety, but this action would have resulted in his formation becoming disorganized and exposed to the enemy. Although a crash was inevitable, he courageously elected to continue leading the attack in his blazing plane. From a minimum altitude, the squadron made a devastating bombing and strafing attack on the target. The mission completed, Maj. Cheli instructed his wingman to lead the formation and crashed into the sea.

Medals and Awards

Medal of Honor
Distinguished Flying Cross
Purple Heart
Air Medal

Honors

• The Arnold Air Society chapter at his alma mater, Lehigh University, was named in his honor.

• Between 1947 and 1961 the U.S. Air Force operated the Cheli Air Force Station near Maywood, CA.

Death and Burial

Major Ralph Cheli was killed in action on 6 March 1944. What are believed to be Major Cheli's and other similarly executed POWs' remains are now interred at Jefferson Barracks National Cemetery in St. Louis, MO.

Cheli was survived by his wife, Geraldine, and infant son, Ralph Jr.